Affirmative Action is Reverse Discrimination Essay -- Argumentative Pe

Affirmative Action is Reverse DiscriminationIs it possible to fill out a job application, apply for college, or even fill out a simple survey without being asked to provide ones ethnicity? I often wonder how many lot actually look at the information I provide instead of the fact that I happen to be Hispanic. Does that make me any different? It is passing frustrating to realize that despite the civil rights victories of the twenty-first century, our society is still obsessed with race. Advocates of affirmative attain will love to tell the American the great unwashed that minorities are truly benefited by these policies, and that they are thankful for the compensation of the discrimination of their ancestors. Here is one minority who will tell you very differently. Affirmative action is a process of reverse discrimination, giving me unfair advantages based on my race, disregarding my academic abilities and personal motivation. It is degrading that colleges do not think that I can su cceed without my ethnicity being a factor in the admissions process. Affirmative action is in no way beneficial to the minorities today, and history will cross-file how it is slowly turning into a process of reverse discrimination. During the tumultuous civil rights movement of the 1960s, president Lyndon Johnson issued a call to action to make up for by discrimination of minorities in American history. This new method of civil rights justice took on the term affirmative action. Preceding this was a rise to equality among minorities, mainly African Americans and Hispanics. The breakthrough case Brown v. Board of Education desegregated public schools and opened the door for national equality of all citizens. In 1963 President John Kennedy developed eigh... ...http//www.landmarkcases.org/Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) 438 U.S. 265, No. 76-811http//caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgibin/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=438&invol=265Schwartz, Michael. The Ugly Effects of Cal ifornias Proposition 209. Arizona Daily Wildcat. 4 Mar. 1998.http//wildcat.arizona.edu/ cover/91/139/05_1_m.htmlTable- UCLA Ethnic Enrollment(State and Non-State Support) (1) Fall 1973To Fall 2000. UCLA Office of Academic Planning and Budget, 2000.UCLA November 2000.http//www.apb.ucla.edu/www00/histethn/FTOTETH.PDFMichigan Engineering. University of Michigan, College of Engineering. 27 Nov. 2004. http//www.engin.umich.edu/Wilson, Pete., Ward Connerly, and Pamela A. Lewis. Argument in Favor of Proposition 209. Homepage. 27 Nov. 2004http//vote96.ss.ca.gov/Vote96/html/BP/209yesarg.htm

The Leaching Requirement During Irrigation Essay -- Soil Reclamation A

The Leaching Requirement During IrrigationThe leaching of soluble salts from the plant rooting zone is a pivotal concern when irrigating cropland. Irrigation water is apply to maintain crop productivity, so drought conditions need non occur to induce irrigation measures. Irrigation simply provides supplemental precipitation that may not be achieved by means of natural processes, i.e. rainfall. Basically, leaching is described as passing additional water through a medium to remove unwanted materials. This is usually achieved through devil types of ponding. Additional water is pumped onto the alter surface and allowed to accumulate until surface ponding occurs. There are two mechanisms that per anatomy this duty, continuous or intermittent ponding. intermittent ponding, applying the excess water in intervals, is more favorable for milder climates where evaporation rates are low (NATO, 1994). Continuous ponding, applying all the water at once, may not be appropriate given geographical, climatic, or user-related constraints. Salts accumulate in the soil profile over time, therefore, leaching may serve as a form of soil reclamation. Normally, leaching curves are developed to determine the amount of water that may be actually required to reduce the initial soil salinity by a certain percentage (NATO, 1994). Although rainfall and the present soil already have saline concentrations, additional salts are added to the soil via irrigation water. wet is then extracted by the processes of evaporation and transpiration, and the salts begin to precipitate. Now, the salt balance of the soil profile changes excessive salt concentrations are introduced without having adequate outlets. If located it the plants root zone, ... ... Sustainability, Vimieo, Portugal.Rhoades, J.D., J. Loveday (1990) Salinity in Irrigated Agriculture Irrigation of Agricultural Crops, Agronomy 30, pp. 1107-1103.Schwab, G.O., D.O. Fangmeier, W.J. Elliot, and R.K. Frevert (1993) Soi l and Water Conservation Engineering. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York pp 395United States Salinity Laboratory Staff, Richards, L.A. (ed) (1954) diagnosing and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils, Agriculture handbook No. 60, United States Department of Agriculture pp 37 & 38.Water Quality Technical Committee of the Irrigation & drainage Division of American Society of Civil Engineers (1990) ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice 71, Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management, pp243-247.Woodard, Guy O. (1969) Sprinkler Irrigation, Sprinkler Irrigation Association Editors Press, doctor pp 125.

The Scouting Program :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Scouting Program Scouting is one of the most rewarding and fun organizations that boys can be a part of. The program focuses on the morals and character of the boys, and tries to teach them everyday skills that are basic to living in the world today. It seems that in our schools today on that point is more and more fear and our kids are becoming, in some cases, almost anti-social. This fear is not the fear of doing well or failing a test, only if it is a fear of their fellow students. In our attempt to teach our children in a world that continues to be increasingly hectic, we may be failing at our job of providing them with the means of developing the basic human traits that build character. This training is desperately needed in our schools, but the school system does not occupy the time or resources to do this task alone. In the Webelos Scout Book the Scouting Oath reads On my honor I will do my top hat To do my duty to God and my country And to obey the Sc out Law To help other people at all times To keep myself physically strong, Mentally awake, and morally straight. This appears to be a tall order, but in the precepts of the Scouts, you can start out at a simpler level by teaching about respect, pride, and friendly acts like offering others a smile or a kind word. Scouting helps gives our boys the knowledge and skills they need to become vital and caring members of the community. The Boy Scouts of America was incorporated on February 8, 1910. Their first headquarters was opened in a YMCA office in New York. This group had developed from and report that Robert Baden-Powell, a war hero from England, had when he saw the interest that boys took in a book he had pen about tracking and stalking. The book had been written for his regiment while he was in the service, so he changed its contents somewhat and called it Scouting for Boys. Ernest Thompson Seton , a naturalist, artist, author, and founder of the Woodcraft Indians , a boys organization in the coupled States, became the first Chief Scout of the Boy Scouts of America.

Foreign Language Learning Essay -- Education, English, Anxiety

Second/foreign linguistic process learning can be a demanding task for many language learners. One of the factors that make such process difficult is the existence of solicitude. Most language learners fuck a feeling of anxiety in the process of language learning. Although the degree and severity of this feeling may vary from one individual to another, it cannot be claimed that it does not exist at all. The emergence of students who report that they feel anxious while learning a second/foreign language is surprising. According to 1, more than half of foreign language learners experience some degree of anxiety. It is also argued that language learning anxiety may pose potential problems for language learners 2. Learners who feel anxious in their foreign language learning may find their study less enjoyable 3, which will in turn have a negative impact on their performance. much(prenominal) being the case, it is crucial to investigate language learners perspectives on language lear ning anxiety in order to figure out what factors make them feel anxious. It is hoped that by omitting or at least reducing those factors, teachers and educators can create a more relaxing environment, so that more effective language learning would conduce place.Problem StatementWith the increasing number of people who ar willing to learn English as a second/foreign language, it is really inevitable to find out the factors which may hinder or negatively affect language learning. One of these factors which has not been paid due attention to in schoolman settings is language learners anxiety. Most teachers are not aware of the fact that their students are not able to fully exhibit their potential because of the stressful situation they are in, or even if they know the stu... ...ed the cause of anxiety to the teacher or other people. Most students felt frustrated and helpless, although students who perceived themselves as having higher index implyd a greater sense of resilience. Other findings were that the effect of and response to anxiety were associated with gender and perceived ability level.Andrade and William 17 reported Japanese university students reactions to anxiety-provoking situations in English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) classes. Overall, the findings indicate that some degree of anxiety affected 75% of the learners and that the debilitating aspects of anxiety strongly hindered about 11% of them. Another important finding is that many students autograph their university EFL classes expecting to experience an anxiety-provoking situation and that anxiety is likely to significantly hinder the performance of some students.

Troy, Truth in the Myth? Essay -- Ancient History

The ancient city of Troy, a legendary city in classical literature and Hollywood films alike, has been an attraction to jaw for at l easterly twenty-five centuries. Visitors such as black lovage the Great, who stopped at Troy in 334 BC while on route east to conquer Asia, came to Troy looking for the city immortalized in Homers Iliad. Presently, archaeologists visit Hisarlik, a site in northwest Turkey, as it is believed to be the location of the ancient city. Alexander must have been puzzled when he had arrived in Ilion, the name of the city at the time of his visit. Ilion was a small colony founded centuries after the trojan horse War supposedly took place Alexander and his men must have had a similar reaction to what they saw as many a touring car does today. Visiting the site today, you will find no grand buildings, just broken marble blocks everywhere, and stubs of stone protruding from the ground at every practical angle. To the ancient Greeks, the Iliad was the fount ain of Western civilization. Troy, to the Romans, was the birthplace of Aeneas, who escaped the burning city to found Rome. So what is the real story of this city? Is the Iliad a true key of history, or just a tale that has been passed down through the generations, for the sole entertainment of its audiences? These are questions that classics experts, archaeologists, and even palaeontologists have studied for many years. The Iliad can neer be seen as pure history as the work predates, by three centuries, the concept of history as a sourced analysis of past events. unless by studying the stories, as well as the physical evidence left behind today, we can find clues to the reality in this myth.A German archaeologist from the University of Tubingen, Manfre... ...of battles in the Late Bronze Age and that some lasted for a long time due to the sophisticated defences of the city. When the Iliad was composed, several centuries later, all these elements could have been compress into one war against one opponent. BibliographyBurgess, Jonathan S. The Tradition of The Trojan War in Homer & the Epic CycleBaltimore, Maryland Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001Cairns, Douglas L. Homers Iliad New York, NY Oxford University Press, 2001Fischman, Josh. The Real Trojan War. US News & World Report 136.18 (2004) 54-60Fleischman, John. The Riddle of Troy. The Sciences Mar.-Apr. 1994 32-38Mayor, Adrienne. A Time of Giants and Monsters. Archaeology 53.2 (2000) 58-62Shear, Ione M. Tales of Heroes-The Origins of the Homeric Texts Crestwood, NYMelissa International Publications Ltd., 2000.

Troy, Truth in the Myth? Essay -- Ancient History

The ancient city of Troy, a legendary city in classical literature and Hollywood films alike, has been an attraction to project for at l eastbound twenty-five centuries. Visitors such as black lovage the Great, who stopped at Troy in 334 BC while on route east to conquer Asia, came to Troy looking for the city immortalized in Homers Iliad. Presently, archaeologists visit Hisarlik, a site in northwest Turkey, as it is believed to be the location of the ancient city. Alexander must have been puzzled when he had arrived in Ilion, the name of the city at the time of his visit. Ilion was a small colony founded centuries after the trojan War supposedly took place Alexander and his men must have had a similar reaction to what they saw as many a holidaymaker does today. Visiting the site today, you will find no grand buildings, just broken marble blocks everywhere, and stubs of stone protruding from the ground at every workable angle. To the ancient Greeks, the Iliad was the fount ain of Western civilization. Troy, to the Romans, was the birthplace of Aeneas, who escaped the burning city to found Rome. So what is the real story of this city? Is the Iliad a true broadside of history, or just a tale that has been passed down through the generations, for the sole entertainment of its audiences? These are questions that classics experts, archaeologists, and even palaeontologists have studied for many years. The Iliad can neer be seen as pure history as the work predates, by three centuries, the concept of history as a sourced analysis of past events. however by studying the stories, as well as the physical evidence left behind today, we can find clues to the reality in this myth.A German archaeologist from the University of Tubingen, Manfre... ...of battles in the Late Bronze Age and that some lasted for a long time due to the sophisticated defences of the city. When the Iliad was composed, several centuries later, all these elements could have been w edge into one war against one opponent. BibliographyBurgess, Jonathan S. The Tradition of The Trojan War in Homer & the Epic CycleBaltimore, Maryland Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001Cairns, Douglas L. Homers Iliad New York, NY Oxford University Press, 2001Fischman, Josh. The Real Trojan War. US News & World Report 136.18 (2004) 54-60Fleischman, John. The Riddle of Troy. The Sciences Mar.-Apr. 1994 32-38Mayor, Adrienne. A Time of Giants and Monsters. Archaeology 53.2 (2000) 58-62Shear, Ione M. Tales of Heroes-The Origins of the Homeric Texts Crestwood, NYMelissa International Publications Ltd., 2000.

In Cold Blood Dialectical Journal Essay

Entry 1, page 5But afterward the towns deal, theretofore sufficiently unfearful of each other to seldom trouble to lock their doors, put together fantasy re-creating them over and over againthose somber explosions that stimulated fires of mistrust in the glare of which bity old neighbors viewed each other strangely, and as strangers.I found this quote to be a sad truth. It is disap focusing to know that in this sm in alone told town wherein every superstar was on a friendly basis with one a nonher, they would all turn their backs on neighbors theyve known forever, due to the dangers of their own imagination. Once someone has my trust, I dont cogitate twice ab off share them or confiding in them. And in return, anyone who puts their trust in me should feel safe telling me their deepest, darkest secrets. However, when that trust is broken, so is the image of that person. Then I appreciation if they would lie about some function that meant a great deal to our friendship, who know s what other lies they essentialve spread? I begin to question who they are, and if they were ever my friend in the send-off place. Its as if I am seeing them in a whole new light. The worst part is, no matter how hard I may try, I just stooget bring myself to talk to that person as comfortably as I had originally.Now I find to think do they urinate an ulterior motive, or are they honestly nerve-racking to regain the lost closeness of our friendship? I am to a fault reminded of the power our imagination has. Giving our minds the ability roam free flush toilet plant unnecessary fear in our hearts, which, in turn, confines it harder to trust one another. exclusively because a friend made an honest mistake, doesnt mean theyre going to do it again. But, in my mind I see him/her telling everybody individual(prenominal) aspects of my life. It can be rather hard to regain our friendship with such(prenominal) a terrifying image in the back of my mind. I imagine that must be how the citizens of Holcomb, Kansas must have felt. They must have been questioning the integrity of each of their friends, wondering, who couldve killed a well-respected family?Entry 2, page 29-30Mrs. Kidwell sat down on the slam she expected to hold fair(a) in her arms, and eventually Bonnie let herself be held. Wilma, she tell, Ive been listening to you, Wilma. All of you. Laughing. Having a good clipping. Im missing out on everything. The best years, the childreneverything. A little while, and even Kenyon allow for be grown upa man. And how give he immortalize me? As a soft of ghost, Wilma.After reading this passage, I could not help simply feel so incredibly sorry for Bonnie Clutter. Bonnie did desire to be a part of her childrens lives, but due to her illness, she spent the majority of their lives in her bedroom or in a handling facility. I think capote included this scene with Bonnie in the novel because as a child, his parents neglected him. They often traveled for l engths of time, leaving Capote in the awe of his mothers relatives. Perhaps Capote related to the Clutter children (mostly Kenyon, seeing as how Bonnie spent the least enumerate of time with him) due to a feeling of abandonment caused by their absent mothers. I couldnt imagine the guilt poor Bonnie mustve felt for not playing an active role in the lives of her children. I know for a fact that my mother plays an important part in my life. She has taught me right from wrong, how to take care of myself, and that I should always treat people with respect. No matter what, I know my mother is always here for me, ready to take me in with sacrifice arms. Sadly, Capote never learned such things from either of his parents, which may explain wherefore he was so intent on gaining fame and recognition, so that he may finally be praised and have a feeling of accomplishment. The Clutter kids were luckier than Capote because they had a father, Herb, who in sereneed wonderful morals into his fou r children and taught them the things Bonnie could not.Entry 3, page 57But as in every manifestation, she continued to tinker with her deal, slanting it to the right or to the left, shaping it roundly or steeply, loosely or inexpensivelyas though she were asking, Is this Nancy? Or that? Or that? Which is me? (Once Mrs. Riggs, her English teacher, hadreturned a theme with a scribbled comment Good. But why written in three styles of bridge player? To which Nancy had replied Because Im not grown-up enough to be one person with one kind of signature.)Nancy, I believe, perfectly represents teenagers, past and present. Nancy shows that we dont have the slightest clue who we truly are. That is why our teenage years are so important. These are the years in which we begin to find ourselves, beginning with our signatures (heart or no heart?). There are so many people who expect us to know what we will do with our future when, in actuality, we are exclusively beginning to discover our des ires and dis wants, nowhere near deciding what we will be doing for the rest of our lives. So many of us teenagers (and some adults) are trying out different handwritings, or ideas of what we want to do with our lives, before we settle on the one type of calligraphy that we will carry with us forever. Throughout my life, my handwriting has changed drastically, as have my aspirations. As a child, I would write in big loopy letters, which perhaps represented the loopiness of who I wanted to be at the time (a princess). Over the years, as my letters became more refined and smaller, so did my aspirations. Its almost as if my handwriting shows how much reality had sunk in. I went from wanting to become a princess, to President, to a spy, to a marine biologist, to a wildlife photographer, to a business executive, and now to a doctor. Nancy is just using her handwriting as another step in finding who she is.Entry 4, page 109Deep down, Perry continued, way, way rock-bottom, I never thought I could do it. A thing like that.This quote expresses my fear of our humanity. We are not perfect beings. We line mistakes. We have limits. But how do you know how far you can go before you spread yourself too thin? That is why we must push ourselves to find our limits. Sometimes its good to push ourselves, like in athletics and academics. But, Perry pushed himself to the breaking point. Perry thought he knew his limits. He never intended to murder a family in cold blood he just needed money. If anything, he was trying to help them in any way he could,including making them as comfortable as he possibly could. But he got caught up in the moment, and he murdered the Clutter family point-blank. And whats even scarier is that so many people could have buckled under the same circumstances, just as Perry did. We would all like to believe we will always stand by our morals and always do the right thing, but when push comes to shove, will you? Our natural instinct is to prescribe Of cour se I will.However, imagine youre poor, you have no family (that would help you), and you are desperate for a way to change your life for the check. Now, would you commit a robbery? My job as a big sister is to protect my younger siblings, no matter what. Late one night, I was struggling to cultivation my homework, I was tired, and I had a major headache. As I was rushing to finish up and go to bed, my little brother, the baby of the family, would not leave me alone. I reached a point where I couldnt handle it anymore, and I tried to push him away from me, but instead he fell on the anchor and began to cry. I immediately felt terrible. I tried to help him up, but he ran away to our mother. I imagined he thought of me as some kind of a monster. My reasons for agitation in no way justified my actions. But the worst part was, I never thought I could ever pique my baby brother. It made me grisly to know that I did.Entry 5, page 191You live until you die, and it doesnt matter how you go deads dead. So why carry on like a sackful of sick cats just because Herb Clutter got his throat cut?Its important that we dont let anything stop us in life, including death. Yes, death does change things, but it isnt meant to be the end of the world. The world will continue to spin on, and people will continue their daily basis. While it is vital that we deal with a death through mourning, there is no point in worrying ourselves sick over the death of a loved one. If all we ever did was sit around and worry whenever someone died, we would never have the chance to actually live. Our dead soul loved ones would actually want us to live our lives to the fullest, so when our time ultimately comes, well know we made the most of our time here on Earth. We can die in the most heroic way possible, or in the most tragic way. Thatdoesnt mean our deaths should be held in a high regard than someone who had died a normal death. No ones death is more important than anothers. It doesnt matte r who we were when we were alive. Your accomplishments over others, the amount of money you had, how big your house was, the car you drove. You wont keep those material things once you die. They couldnt mean less because in the end, we all end up the same way dead.Entry 6, page 202Perry OParsons had died without having ever lived. What was there to look forward to?Perry OParsons was Perrys alter ego. He had planned to use the name as his stage name for when his music career kicked off. Unfortunately for Perry, he never got the chance to perform his music on a stage, so he never got the chance to reveal Perry OParsons. Maybe if Perrys music career had launched, then maybe he wouldnt have murdered the Clutter family. What upsets me the most about Perrys alter ego is when he asks, What was there to look forward to? When he realizes he will never be able to start his life all over as Perry OParsons, I feel as if he truly gives up on his dreams. Perhaps this is Capotes way of saying that we dont always get what we want, but that doesnt mean we should give up like Perry did. Not everything is easily attainable. For example, I have the hopes of becoming a doctor, but the work and training is very rigorous. But I cant just give up. raze if I find I dont have the work ethic to become a doctor, life still goes on. I cant throw a little fit because something didnt work out in my favor. No matter what, I will have to work hard to do well in whatever it is I choose. If I decide that I actually dont want to be a doctor, then it just means that Ive narrowed down my career choices by one. It may not sound like much, but that means I have more time to figure out what career does interest me and I am one step further from cease up like Perry.Entry 7, page 240Dick stood guard outside the bathroom door while I reconnoitered. I frisked the girls room, and I found a little purselike a dolls purse. Inside it was a silver dollar. I dropped it somehow, and it rolled acrossthe floor. turn under a chair. I had to get down on my knees. And just then it was like I was outside myself. Watching myself in some amiss(p) movie. It made me sick. I was just disgusted. Dick, and all his talk about a rich mans safe, and here I am crawling on my belly to steal a childs silver dollar. One dollar. And Im crawling on my belly to get it.I think this revelation of Perrys is a crucial part of the book. This is where Perry looks at who hes become, and hes not happy about it. Perry not yet knows hes trying to steal money from a family that has never done one single thing to bring that upon themselves, but now he sees just how desperate he is as he searches for a dollar coin that belongs to Herbs daughter. He realizes that he has turned into a lewd and pitiful man. I began to pity Perry, mostly because he had hopes and dreams, unlike Dick, yet there he was, scrounging for a measly dollar. I felt sorry for him because he really did reach rock-bottom (page 109). There he was, read y to rob the Clutters, possibly getting ready to kill them, and he was exclusively in this bunk because he chose to follow Dick in the pursuit of some money. Even though Perry is committing a senseless, violent act and I should despise him for doing these savage acts to such a kind family, I cant help but feel sorry for him. No matter what happens to me in life, I would never want to end up in Perrys position where Im questioning how I got to be at such a low point in my life. This quote actually reminds me of Capote as he turned to alcoholism and he began to alienate his friends because he couldnt give up the do drugs that is fame.Entry 8, page 255And I was rightthats just what he wanted to do admit that Hickock had been telling the truth, and that it was he, Perry Smith, who had shot and killed the whole family. He said hed lied about it because, in his words, I wanted to fix Dick for being such a coward. Dropping his guts all over the goddam floor. And the reason hed decided to set the record straight wasnt that he suddenly felt any kinder toward Hickock. check to him he was doing it out of consideration for Hickocks parentssaid he was sorry for Dicks mother. Said, Shes a real sweet person. It might be some comfort to her to know Dick never pulled the trigger. None of it would havehappened without him, in a way it was mostly his fault, but the fact remains Im the one who killed them.After reading this passage, I was in shock. I honestly believed that Dick was the true murderer of the Clutter family. Well, it turns out that Dick is a chicken who can unless talk up a big game, but he cant do much else. I am just even further confused by Perrys actions. It is hard to believe that he did in fact kill the Clutters. Perry doesnt seem like he could be such a cold-hearted killer. After all he did to try to get Dick to turn around and ditch their plan, when he halt Dick from attempting to rape Nancy, all he did to make the Clutters more comfortable, how nice he was to them. And he was the one who ended up killing them all. Not only that, he only decided to tell the truth about Dick killing no one because he was thinking of Dicks mother. Even though it was because of Dick that he was even in Kansas, he still tries to look out for his mother by taking the full credit for the murders. Its almost as if Perry is actually two different people. I dont know how I should feel toward Perry anymore. My immediate feelings toward him are pity, fear, and compassion. I can see why Capote was so interested in their case. Its because nothing is as you would have believed they were.Entry 9, page 339As is customary, the warden, having finished his recitation, asked the condemned man whether he had any last statement to make. Hickock nodded. I just want to say I hold no hard feelings. You people are direct me to a better world than this ever was then, as if to emphasize the point, he shook hands with the four men mainly responsible for his capture and convi ction, all of whom had requested permission to attend the executions K.B.I. Agents Roy Church, Clarence Duntz, Harold Nye, and Dewey himself. Nice to see you, Hickock said with his most charming smile it was as if he were greeting guests at his own funeral.I did not expect Dick to be so polite in his last moments. Throughout the book, majority of what he has said was crude, sarcastic, or humorous. Not only was Dick polite, he even thanked Church, Duntz, Nye, and Dewey for capturing him and, ultimately, sending him to his death. Its interestingthat Dick says he is going to a better world, but earlier in the book, he mentioned to one of the prison inmates, Andy, who was also on Death Row, to find them a shady spot in Hell. So he either believes Hell is better than Earth, or he thinks he is going to Heaven. Or maybe, he believes in the vast darkness of death, and he cant wait for the void of nothing. I also thought it was interesting that he smiled until the very end. I dont know if he smiles because hes come to terms with his debt, or if he just wants to unnerve the group attending his execution. I personally think that he is accepting his fate, and hes somewhat at recreation with it. However, him being Dick, he wants to go out with a fanfare, give the listening a show, so he makes sure he seems as effervescent as ever.Entry 10, page 340-341But Smith, though he was the true murderer, aroused another response, for Perry possessed a quality, the aura of an exiled animal, a creature move wounded, that the emissary could not disregard.I can understand why no one ever felt any sympathy for Dick as he was walking up to die because Dick was a rough and tough guy who never let anyone see his true emotions. However, with Perry, I believe that most of the audience has begun to feel sorry for him. Unlike Dick, he doesnt hide his feelings. He is afraid of what will come next, and that has evoked a response from Detective Dewey. But, how do we know his feelings are real? Earlier in the book when Detective Nye goes to San Francisco to visit Perrys only living sibling, Barbara, she mentions that Perry can easily fake his emotions to make people feel sorry for him. Maybe he was trying to get everyone there to pity him so much that they would stop his hanging and give him a life sentence. Well the crowd did pity him, but they wanted him to hang for his atrocities. Right before he was hung, Perry apologized for his actions, even though he could never make up for murdering the Clutters. I think the reason why Dewey refused to see Perry hanging is because he did feel sorry for him.

Final Draft of Argument Essay: Traffic in Chicago Needs to be Solved Essay

Traffic in Chicago is a big problem, so the mayor should take it serious and solve it by build new roadstead or creating new traveling methods. Traffic jam is a longsighted line of vehicles in which many vehicles get stuck in jam. Although there are many causes of traffic jam, the main cause of traffic jam is the narrowness of roads in proportion to the large number of vehicles. Traffic is a very big obstacle in reaching where we are heading to. It brings great ache to us, and kills our valuable time. We can not reach school, college, office and hospital in time. Sometimes ambulance and fire brigade can not go hurry up due to traffic jam. In result, this problem should be solved. Traffic during the rush hours is the worst. We are in about to be in Summer time, where Chicago receives millions of visitors. In that time thats where people lost a lot of things. If you have a flight in that period, you erupt take a train because it go away take long to get the airport.Responsible shou ld take the traffic jam seriously, and must be solved. Solutions like using public transportation in better way to travel, and it is the most convenient method. Also, creating new bike lanes encourage people to ride bikes rather than driving which help decreasing the traffic. By informing the drivers that difference their vehicles and take other traveling methods is only way to reduce traffic. In conclusion, traffic jam can be solved by some actions. Solutions to crushed road capacity should be the improvement of road condition. More roads even underground railways and tunnels should be laid down to relieve traffic congestion. At the same time, better public transportation systems are also needed, including bus, CTA, Pace and many others.

Green Computing Essay

Green computing or green IT, refers to environmentally sustainable computing or IT. It is the study and bore of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystemssuch as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systemsefficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment.Green IT also strives to achieve economic viability and improved system performance and use, go abiding by our social and ethical responsibilities. Thus, green IT includes the dimensions of environmental sustainability, the economics of energy efficiency, and the total cost of ownership, which includes the cost of disposal and recycling is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently. To comprehensively and effectively address the environmental impacts of computing/IT, we must adopt a holistic approach and make the entire IT lifecycle greener by addressing environmental sustainability along the following four complementary paths Green use reducing the energy consumption of computers and other information systems as well as using them in an environmentally sound manner

Army Crew Case

Introduction of partnership with Satan the strength training coach Athletics Military ann. structure Academics Atlanta cultivation Facility discharge Season Varsity Issues escalate within the few weeks before the Nationals Failure to resolve Varsity conflict before Nationals could do deterioration that will last the rest of the year. West Point No Individual criticism from peers on JP vs.. Varsitys merciless criticism of one another course of instructioning proficiency suffers from when Individualism Is high, Varsity has high Individualism, JP Is a collective Fall Season Winter Workout Spring Break Training JP Nothing to loose. vs. varsity Row hard, Never die, or Flash clean strength training with Satan resulted in more Dual wins for JP, Varsity getting stronger (per erg), solely not winning Elements of a successful racing crew Team coordination Varsity preference to practice alone vs.. JP willingness to train against stronger opponents (Varsity) Varsity accuses Coach P. Of creat ing a rift between Varsity & JP Destructive criticism in Varsity vs.. Comradely on JP Pointed criticism of each other Some Varsity ember overly critical of themselves Program organization The sport Comparison of Varsity vs..JP Strength conditioning Dynamic of military rank in peer-topper feedback was more meaning(a) for Varsity vs.. IV Influential Stakeholders Root Cause of Varsity Losses to Junior Varsity Telling Factors Environmental Factors Return to the Hudson when Varsity began self destructing notwithstanding coach P. Treated It as normal behavior. Army Crew Case By sardonically rank structure Academics Atlanta Training Facility Spring Season Varsity issues individual criticism from peers on J.

Data of an employee from the Human Resources Department

A manager of a company can obtain the biographical data of an employee from the tender-hearted Resources Department of the company. The Human Resources Department is the one responsible of holding and filing all the related information about an employee of the company such that the file of the employees biographical data. The biographical data of an employee is all about his name and personal information about the employee. Age, sex, gender and race maybe included to the biographical data.Ethnic heritage, cozy preference and other related data can also be found on the employees biographical data. Weight, height, color of eyes, marital status and piece of children are also part of the biographical data. Qualities, strengths and weaknesses of the employee is also being included in the biographical data in order for the employee to let the company hiring him to make do his qualities that leave match the specified play.In order for the manager to get a compatible ability-job fit, s everal steps could be undertaken. The first step that could be make by the manager in order to get an ability-job fit in is to perform the selection process. A simple analysis of the job will play information about the jobs being done in the company and the required abilities the applicants should possess in order to do the effectively.The manager could make an interview to the applicant, thusly the applicant may take an examination and the manager could be able to evaluate the applicants according to the abilities they possess for the job. After the selection and evaluation of the applicants who are fitted for the job specified, the next vital step is to make an analysis regarding promotion of the employees already in the company and accepting the applicants who are fitted with the job currently done by the employees.Assessing of the abilities of the new employees is essential in order to match the required abilities of the human resources of the company. Fit can be enhanced by job modifications such that the modifications will help the employees develop specific talents. To complete the ability-job fit in, the final option is to give trainings to the new employees (Robbins, 2007).

Determination of Water Hardness Essay

IntroductionIn this lab a total of six titrations are to be per solveed. Three of them will be done use a known Ca2+ solution, (1.000 g CaCO3 /L solution) and three of them will be done using an unknown solution obtained from the stock room. The objective of this lab is to look out the hardness of peeing, using the data collected from each titration performed with the unknown sample. Since the hardness of water arises from the presence of metal ions, we muckle use disodium salt of EDTA and the index Eriochrome dispirited T to determine the concentration of M 2+ ( Mg 2+ or Ca 2+) metal ion impurities.Chemical principle or conjecture involved in this labTo determine waters hardness we will use a technique called a chelometric titration. When a neutral molecule or anion (lewis base) donates electron pairs and attaches itself to a metal ion center (a Lewis acid), the resulting cluster of atoms forms a single ion called a complex. When such complexes form the electron donating grou ps are called ligands. When ligands with much than one bind site form complexes with metal ions, we call this process chelation, where the ligand used is called a chelating agent. (lab manual) In this lab the chelating agent used is Na2EDTA. Our Indictor Eriochrome Black T, is a soil, and will form a pink complex in the presence of a metal cation. As EDTA solution is added to the solution, the metal ions will complex to the EDTA solution leaving the indicator solvated. The chemical equation, with the known atomic number 20 ion solution, looks as follows Where H2In represents the solvated indicator Erichrome Black T dye.H2In + Ca 2+ CaIn + 2H(blue) (pink)As EDTA is added to the solution, it grabs the Ca ions away from the Erichrome Black T dye molecules to form a more stable complex. When solvated, and alone in the solution, the Erichrome Black T dye will produce a blue color it can be represented by the equation belowEDTA 4 + CaIn + 2H H2In + CaEDTA 2(pink) (blue)Procedure or MethodFirst prepare your disodium EDTA solution by weighing out 0.7- 0.8 grams of Na2EDTA and dissolve it in 500 mLs of deionized water. Place in a sealed container and shake vigorously. Standardize the Na2EDTA solution using calcium ion stock solution Add 10 mL of calcium solution to a flask, and add 30 mLs of deionized water. Add 3 mLs of ammonium chloride buffer under the fume hood and stir. Add 4 drops of the Eriochrome Black T indicator dye, then measure with the disodim EDTA solution inwardly 15 mins.At the endpoint the color changes from pink to violet to blue within 3-5 seconds. Note the volume of Na2EDTA that was used delivered from the burret, and repeat the titration 2 more times. Obtain an unknown water stock solution from the stock room taking note of the unknown number, then titrate with the standardized disodium EDTA solution unify 25 mLs of the prepared water sample with 20 mLs of deionized water, then under the fume hood, add 3 mLs of ammonium chloride buffer a nd stir. Add 4 drops of the Eriochrome Black T indicator dye, then titrate with the disodim EDTA solution within 15 minutes Repeat the titration 2 more times, and calculate the hardness of the prepared water sample from each of the titrations.Observations and CalculationsAmount of Na2EDTA solution Amount of Na2EDTA solution required to titrate calcium Ion solution required to titrate unknown H2O sample struggle 1 25.0 mL15.7 mLTrail 2 23.8 mL14.9 mLTrial 3 23.6 mL15.5 mLBecause EDTA chelates Ca 2+ ions in a one-to-one molar ratio we can calculate the moles present of Na2EDTA using the following formula(s)Trial 1Na2EDTA = 10.00 mL CaCO3 1.000 g CaCO3 1mol CaCO3 1mol Na2EDTA25.0 mL Na2EDTA 1 L CaCO3 100.1g CaCO3 1 mol CaCO3 =.004 moles Na2EDTATrial 2Na2EDTA = 10.00 mL CaCO3 1.000 g CaCO3 1mol CaCO3 1mol Na2EDTA23.8 mL Na2EDTA 1 L CaCO3 100.1g CaCO3 1 mol CaCO3 =.004197 moles Na2EDTATrial 3Na2EDTA = 10.00mL CaCO3 1.000 g CaCO3 1mol CaCO3 1mol Na2EDTA23.6 mL Na2EDTA 1 L CaCO3 1 00.1g CaCO3 1mol CaCO3 =.004233 moles Na2EDTAMean of all 3 trials = .004 + .004197 + .004233 / 3 = .004143Absolute deviation Estimated Precision(ppt)Trial 1 .004143 .004 = 1.43 x 10-4 .02229 X 1000 = 23.09 ppt .004143 Trial 2 .004143 .004197 = -5.4 x 10-5Trial 3 .004143 .004233 = -9 x 10-5H2O hardness figureTrial 1 15.7 mL Na2EDTA X .004143mol Na2EDTA X 1mol CaCO3 X 100.1g CaCO30.02500 L CaCO3 1L Na2EDTA 1mol Na2EDTA 1mol CaCO3Trial 1 H2O hardness = 260.44 ppmTrial 2 14.9 mL Na2EDTA X .004143mol Na2EDTA X 1mol CaCO3 X 100.1g CaCO30.02500 L CaCO3 1L Na2EDTA 1mol Na2EDTA 1mol CaCO3Trial 2 H2O hardness = 247.17 ppmTrial 1 15.5 mL Na2EDTA X .004143mol Na2EDTA X 1mol CaCO3 X 100.1g CaCO30.02500 L CaCO3 1L Na2EDTA 1mol Na2EDTA 1mol CaCO3Trial 3 H2O hardness = 257.12 ppmAverage H2O hardness for unknown 127 = 254.91 ppmConclusionThe average water hardness for unknown 127 is 254.91 ppm. City of Gilberts average water hardness in 2011 was in the range of 41- 330 ppm (http//www.3mwater.co m/medi/documents/ WaterReport_GilbertAZ.pdf). This is a large range but is a range that my unknown water sample would fall within. jibe to Fairfax Water, a value over 180 ppm is considered very hard, and according to the lab manual water with more than 200 ppm is considered hard. Based on this breeding I would conclude that my unknown water sample has a high amount of metal ions present.ReferencesLab ManualCity of Gilbert, http//www.3mwater.com/medi/documents/WaterReport_GilbertAZ.pdfFairFax Water, http//www.fcwa.org/water/hardness.htm

Liberal democracy Essay

As a citizen of a popular country, we depend too much in our newspapers, magazines, tabloids and al unmatchable kinds of media for information, mainly because almost eitherthing is shown in it, we dont rase know whether it is true or non, alone because this is our flow of society we see in it. But isnt it invading our privacy? And our right to acknowledge in security? This is journalism the science of ruining or building lives. But primarily its intent is to expose certain events, critical issues and mainly the lives of pile, their private lives that they dont compliments other populate to know, the hyperbolise tales and the gradual destruction of ones life.It is like showing your cards in a poker gamey without you knowing it, people taking advantage of it and using it against you. Look at the Valerie Plame s thunder mugdal. After her career has been ruined by exposing her identity as a CIA agent, saying that she set about leaked some information as an give-and-take o fficer and making herself-importance a public icon by showing herself in the front scallywag of vanity fair other magazines and newspapers, professional journalists vindicatory took off the scene after the case acquit been dismissed instead of clearing their mistakes.Another example is the paparazzi, they make celebrity lives really difficult and even drive some of them to their deaths because of the stories that they fabricate, the pictures that they took, the private stories and pictures that shouldnt be known by the public which gets an even to a greater extent stress and pressure on them. Just like what happen to Princess Diana, who died because of a car accident in Paris, France due to the never ending chase of the paparazzi.In the war between US and Iraq, the progress of the US was certain, the US was reluctant to stop the attacks though the Iraq parliament appealed for a month long cease of attack, what do the media do? They ignored all the press releases of Iraq and laun ched a shock and Awe campaign to expose and vex the Iraq parliament, making the situation worse. As what Lt. Col.Oliver North said that the media wont make them (military troops) safe in the war that has been going on in Iraq, and he in any case said that it has become a artillery unit which attacks Iraq that supports the medias claim that our democracy has attained its limits. Freedom in every little way has also its limitations, though we have equal rights and some believe that its the journalist right to do his job, I do also believe that exemption, our large rights meets its limits when we are actually hurting somebody because of our so called freedom of expression.journalism, for the sake of its name creates not entirely destruction of lives but also of believes and relationship. Little by little, journalism is slowly ignoring our freedom of privacy, it cares for nothing except a good story, an interesting story that may supplant a life, it cares for no one, it exposes ev erything without even thinking the results of such act and mainly some of stories are exaggerated to give it a more interesting twist.Privacy is an experience that people should have the luxury of using, it is not a piece of data that we can tell everybody whenever we want to, we live in a democratic country, with democratic rights and equal opportunity, we must let everybody have their own piece of security as we do, who would want to live in a demesne where everything is exposed and there is nothing that you can keep to your self? I wouldnt and I think no one would want that because if so, why would the government create detached policy? Why do we want to have security?Journalism is really powerful, it can manipulate us in every way that it wants, it can even made us believe the things that they say which may and may not be absolutely true, it also create a world of doubts, where we no longer know whether this piece of information is reliable or not, is it true or is it just a f raud? The word fair is not in its vocabulary and even consider. Exposing everything that creates interest to them and to the people, every thing ordain be exposed with or without consent, launching stories that shouldnt be known by the public that may cause trouble not only to them but also to the innocent people around.Like when they publicize the American Iraqi war, when they follow people around etc. Isnt this a clear violation of liberal rights? We must be skeptic of everything that we are told, because we are critical beings, we have our brain enlarged and neurons to use in such cases, we have our own set of opinion, let us become non-conformist and stop the inevitable exploitation of journalism in destroying our liberal rights.Whats the use of liberal democracy if we would allow this journalism to uncover every little piece of information about us? Journalism is like a disease seeping in every hole in our liberal rights, it is a cancer, a malignant one that we cant seem to f ight easily, but it is possible, Im not saying that journalism only has disadvantages, we know that everything has two sides hitherto as we iron their cons and pros we should know that it is slowly killing our democratic rights as a person and as citizen of this country.Let us prove that we value our freedom more than the interesting stories that this journalist made, let us have a world where there is security and freedom to have a private life that every one of us should deserve. Cure the disease that slowly deteriorates the country and make it a place where there will be no lives that are ruined due to exaggerated stories and expose that the media and journalists made. This is a free country, yet freedom in order to remain real should be handed down not only to those who can afford it but to everybody in this nation and in every nation around the world.Journalism should limit their scope and make our lives easier. Stop the exploitation and the lies, journalism must be honest an d it should respect our liberal rights so as to avoid misunderstanding and destruction.Works cited Connors, Michael. Howards Australia The Democratic Paradox. 19 April 2006. swaggering 21 2007. http//www. newmatilda. com/home/ namedetail. asp? ArticleID=1510 Leiby, Richard. Valerie Plame, the Spy Who Got Shoved Out Into the Cold . Saturday, October 29, 2005 Page C01. Aug. 20 2007 http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/28/AR2005102801172.html

Article Review on Human Buyology

Human BUYology hundred and one Articles info Human BUYology 101 by Rachel Sullivan. Published in Reader Digest Asia, 2011 42-49. The article, Human BUYology 101, argues that consumers tend to make unplanned purchased that attempt by the psychological forces. The author tried to highlight what makes peck buy. The article has many quotes from the book of BUYology by Martin Lindstrom. It first presents the arguments of those supporting the idea of the effectiveness of logos, product placement and subliminal advertising, the correlation between righteousness and branding, then the influence of culture and sex activity divide and lastly, the influence of sense.The first part of the article mainly focuses on the idea that the effectiveness of logos, product placement and subliminal advertising how those factors can influence people to buy. We be constantly bombarded with subliminal advertising throughout our waking hours. For the most of us, the main source of this is picture advert ising. It starts with eye-catching logos which could last in our memory maybe like, forever. Then, product placement plays a Brobdingnagian part in how easily and effectively subliminal advertising can happen.Besides that, the author of the article highlighted in the article with the opinion expressed by the correlation between religion and branding where obtain is the similar way as we practice our religion. Consumers perception of well-known brands just like their views on the figures associated with religious icons. In short, it can be concluded that this well-known brands can create obsessed within themselves. People wish the feel to belong sense of belonging. The author calls this as religious experience which is related to religious cheer in impulsive buying behavior among the consumer.The author alike discuss about how the culture and gender divide could influence the unplanned purchase of some consumer. Culture may refer to the set of values, ideas, and attitudes that are accepted by a homogenous group of people and transmitted to the next generation. Culture also determines what is acceptable with product advertising. Culture determines what people wear, eat, reside and travel. So, culture could affect the decision making zeal for purchase of a product.While genders divide is kind of the difference between women and men, especially as reflected in social, political, intellectual, cultural, or economic attainments or attitudes. The author argued that women value their possessions for emotional and relationship-oriented reasons, whereas men value their possessions for functional and instrumental reasons. As for the influence of the sense on unplanned purchase where the author highlighted the term of sensational shopping, in which the sensory shopping has to do with consumers perception.Though necessarily based on incomplete and unverified (or unreliable) information, perception is equated with existence for most practical purposes and guides hu man behaviour in general. The primary human senses consist of smell, taste, hearing, touch, and sight. So, sensory shopping related to sensation or the physical senses like the smell of freshly baked waffles transmitted or perceived by the senses and triggering the hungry feeling.I count the topic being discussed is very arguable, and just I believe how people could amaze himself to found out how they could influenced by many different things that make them purchase. People should insure to resist the urge to buy unnecessary items. I strongly believe that planning is the key to belongings impulse buying under control. You may find after more rational reflection that you dont look at the item as much as you thought you did. We should make and believe those impulse purchases as gainsay as possible.

Funadamental and Technical Analysis of Nifty

Fundamental and proficient foul abbreviation of Equity grocery place Name - Dhwani Shah Enrollment No - 0901202144 some people pee interested in teleph sensation lines when everyone else is. The condem domain to get interested is when no one else is. You fuckt buy what is popular and do surface. Warren Buffett A REPORT ON FUNDAMENTAL AND adept ANALYSIS OF EQUITY MARKET BY SHAH DHWANI JITENDRA (0901202144) SUBMITTED TO- association get Mr. Bhavik Shah Advisory Head (Angel Broking Ltd) Faculty Guide Prof. Mayank Patel IBS Ahmedabad A Report submitted in factorial fulfilment of the requirement of the MBA computer programme of The ICFAI University, DehradunDATE OF SUBMISSION fifteenth May, 2010 Authorization The making of this expulsion study is authorized by Mr Bhavik Shah ( Advisory Head) Angel Broking Ltd, Ahmedabad (India). I all everywherely express my honest confirmation in persist of the fact that the said Report has neither been utilise before to fulfill an y new(prenominal) purpose nor it impart be submitted to any other somebody or authority in future. The wrap up is submitted and as partial fulfillment of the requirement of the MBA Program of ICFAI University, Dehradun. Ac acquaintan cementums This research jump has been a very enlightening and rewarding experience for me in an ara that is of great(p) personal interest.I would resembling to acknowledge and express my gratitude to ternary groups of people who provided generous amounts of support and cooperation during this bookish endeavour. First, I commit benefited greatly from the never-ending patience, guidance, and encouragement from my c eithitherr- come on guide Mr. Bhavik Shah. He gave me the support and knowledge required to complete this project in a successful manner. Thank you Bhavik sir for your never-ending encouragement and support for my scholarly pursuits. I would to a fault inter channelable to thank Mr. Sachin Rajveer for his regular support and he lp.Second, I would like to thank Prof. Mayank Patel my faculty in-charge for providing me tout ensemble required support from his slope in boundarys of knowledge and encouragement, for world on that show whenever I study a question of doubt and to solve the same. Lastly, a Special vote of thank to Prof. Saji Kumar, Prof. Prashant Saxena and My P bents for solving all the problems I faced in cost of sources required and for giving a constant encouragement and aspire me to go ahead and fulfil my goals. Success in set uping doesnt corre recently with I. Q. one time youre above the take of 25Once you drive home ordinary intelligence, what you need is the temperament to hold up the urges that get other people into trouble in investing. Warren Buffet Table of Contents Authorization3 Acknowledgements4 Abstract7 Introduction8 get of the learn8 Limitations of the Study8 Method of Collecting Data8 What Is Fundamental digest? 9 The Indian rescue10 The Industries in the Ec onomy13 Financial Ratios23 What Is skillful schoolnical summary? 25 ABB. LTD34 ACC LTD. 35 AMBUJA CEMENT36 AXIS banking conjunction LTD. 37 BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LTD.. 38 BHARAT PETROLEUM gage LTD. 39 BHARTI AIRTEL LTD. 40 CAIRN LTD. 41 CIPLA LTD. 42 DLF LTD. 3 GAIL (INDIA) LTD. 44 GRASIM INDUSTRIES LTD45 HCL TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 46 HDFC BANK LTD47 HERO HONDA MOTORS LTD. 48 HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LTD. 49 HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LTD. 50 HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LTD. 51 ITC LTD. 52 ICICI BANK LTD53 belief CELLULAR LTD. 54 INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES LTD55 INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CO. LTD. 56 JAIPRAKASH ASSOCIATES LTD. 57 JINDAL STEEL & POWER LTD. 58 LARSEN & TURBO LTD. 59 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD. 60 MARUTI SUZUKI INDIA LTD. 61 NTPC LTD. 62 OIL & NATURAL GAS CORPORATION LTD. 63 POWERGRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD. 64 PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK65 RANBAXY LABORATORIES LTD. 6 RELIANCE CAPITAL LTD. 67 RELIANCE COMMUNICATION LTD68 RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD. 69 RELIANCE INFRASTRUCTURE LTD. 70 RELIANCE POWER LTD. 71 SIEMENS LTD. 72 STATE BANK OF INDIA73 STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA LTD74 STERLITE INDUSTRIES (INDIA) LTD. 75 SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. 76 SUZLON ENERGY LTD. 77 TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LTD. 78 TATA MOTORS LTD. 79 TATA POWER CO. LTD. 80 TATA STEEL LTD. 81 UNITECH LTD. 82 WIPRO LTD. 83 Recommendations84 Glossary85 References86 Abstract Stock Market the word itself is enough to speak approximately itself. It works on two emotions carried by individuals in the commercialize greed and fear.Both emotions either lead to profits or losses. studyity of the participants deal into the grocery store in a speculative manner, buying and selling establish on, fol imprinting the herd or foodstuff light upon say. But remain an aw ar astir(predicate) the key suit why a particular stock moved up or fell see. If a stock moves suddenly these individuals say Operator mustiness grapher done with(p) that but forget to find out the real former. The reason s behind the screen for a corporations shargon sets firing up or travel bying down, which ar hidden in its pecuniary executings and ultimo movement history. These facts ordure be know by the Fundamental and Technical abstract. on that pointfore, this report is intended to guide these upstart entrants and the received mart movers al almost Technical and Fundamental Analysis. To show how the same bay window lead to profit earning coronations and not speculative losses. In this report the basics of Fundamental Analysis devote been discussed and all the financial key ratios watch been precondition for the cracking50 for the 10 course of studys time sweep up from pecuniary year 2000 to 2009. A design idea nigh constancy and the over all deliverance is besides set apartn. On the root words of these Fundamental tools we can get to know the financial position of a club to back this Technical synopsis is excessively been shown.Initially a few patterns of p racticed depth psychology have been explained with an example and later how the use of the same can be done to predicts the future toll moves and go on a few patterns subsisting in charts for the current time period have been given. Introduction Purpose of the Study Is the Stock Market a safe option to invest my savings? For how much time thought should I invest? What amount of returns should I expect? What ar the ideal stocks for investment? This report consists of answers to all these questions which rise in an investors drumhead before entering into the stock foodstuff or when an existing investor buys a stock.For this purpose, Fundamental Analysis of Nifty50 is done for which the frugal psychoanalysis of the Indian economy is done based on the Inflation Rate, gross internalated productFC, Growth Rate and year on year returns of Nifty. Then a brief fabrication analysis is done based on the Industrial Ratios and reason behind them. Finally, caller-up Analysis is done by analysing the Quality of Management, Product Range of the Company Financial Strength based indisputable ratios like bell to hire Ratio, Dividend Yield, Price to Book think of, Earnings per Shargon, Market Capitalization and Market Returns. chase it, Japanese Candle Stick charts showing the chart patters of the market charge for each of the 50 scrips are given based on the technical analysis tools and techniques. As Fundamental Analysis is unaccompanied about signaliseing under abide byd stocks or the booming flying fields or companies, but it does not say anything about the timings of the unlocking of that undervaluation but its combination with Technical Analysis pull up stakes give a better picture to the Investor. As the combination of both enables an investor in taking decisions based on Techno-Funda Analysis and find out the right entry and exit points.This project bequeath horizontal help in knowing the economy as Nifty is the barometer for the Indian Economy, through which the offset patterns and cyclical patterns of the various sectors can also be known, through which scrips of midcap and small can also tracked for the same sector. Limitations of the Study * . Lesser conditional relationance is been given to Economic and Industry Analysis. * Views for investment have been given for short term. Method of Collecting Data Secondary Data is been used in this project report.This Secondary Data is been collected from reliable sources like the Company Sites and the NSE Site for the Company Data and Indian Bullion, Reserve stick Of India, and Fimmda Sites for the Industry and Economic Data and for Technical Charts i. charts is been used. Detailed information about the sources is been given in referencing. What Is Fundamental Analysis? Fundamental analysis is a method of evaluatinga pledgethat entailsattempting to mensu gaitits intrinsic value by examining related stinting, financial and other soft and quantitative factors.Fundamental ana lysis is an attempt to study everything that can affect the security measures value including macroeconomic factors (like the overall economy and tote conditions)and protagonistship- particularized factors (like financial condition and management). on that point are two approaches to Fundamental Analysis Top-Down Approach and a bottom-up Approach. * Top-down approach In this approach, an analyst investigates both international and national economic indicators, such as GDP growth dresss, energy prices, pomposity and interest treasures.The search for the best security then trickles down to the analysis of contribute sales, price take aims and foreign competition in a sector in tramp to identify the best short letter in the sector. * Bottom-up approach In this approach, an analyst starts the search with specific coursees, irrespective of their intentness/region. The endgoal of performing inherent analysisis to produce a value that an investorcan comparewith the securitys current price, with the aim of figuring out what sort of position to take with that security (underpriced=buy, overpriced=sell or short).Benefits of Fundamental Analysis * Identifying the intrinsic value of a security. * Identifying long term investment opportunity, as it involves real time data. Drawbacks of Fundamental Analysis * Too many economic indicators and grand macroeconomic data can confuse novice investors. * The same set of information on macroeconomic indicators can have varied effects on the same currencies at different times. * It is beneficial only for long term investments. Steps involved in Fundamental Analysis * Macroeconomic analysis, which involves considering currencies, commodities and indices. Industry sector analysis, which involves the analysis of companies that are a part of the sector. * Financial analysis of the go with. Valuation of any security is done through the discounted interchange flow (DCF) model, which takes into consideration * Dividends r eceived by investors. * Earnings or cash flows of a company. * Debt, which is calculated by using the debt to equity ratio and the current ratio (current assets/current liabilities). The Indian Economy To understand the Indian Economy firstly we need to understand a few macroeconomic indicators, as macro economy is the environment in which all the firms ope estimate.These indicators suggest the growth and development prospects of an economy as a alone. Given below are the indicators along with a brief description about them and even physical bodys suggesting where the Indian Economy stands as per these indicators. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The India GDP statistics is a summarization of all the differential factors that forms the basic buns of the Indian economy. The India GDP statistics is a cumulative report of the exercise of all the study parameters of the Indian economy.The statistics of the India GDP clearly reveals that the rise of the India GDP after the 1990s was du e to the disperse(a) economy phenomenon. The paradigm shift of Indian economy from that of a closed-market to open market was during the balance-of-payments crisis in the late 80s. The Government of India remained flexible it opened up the Indian markets such that underground investments could easily find an entry. GDP calculated at purchasers price is the centre value calculated by all the home(prenominal) producers, adding any product tax revenuees and deducting the subsidies, if any (these elements are excluded from the value of the products).Due to the change in the economic policy of India, much foreign direct investments (FDIs) and foreign institutional investors (FIIs) came into the country. This, in a way, strengthened the foundation the Indian economy the confidence superpoweriness of overseas investors was at a high. With the stupendous growth of Indian Information Technology sector, Indian service industry and the Indian BPO sector, the Indian GDP shot up to 6% during the period from 1988 to 2003. It was after 2004, that the growth of the gross municipal product of India showed considerable improvements, mainly geared by the growth in the Indian service and manufacturing industry.The Indian GDP figure stood at an iniquitous 8. 5% during the period thereafter. But thereafter, what hit us was the global meltdown and its after impacts. India got swayed mangle the immediate repercussion fell on the growth pattern of the India economy. The GDP growth judge started get a setback and from then on it had only experienced a downward pattern. A melodramatic improvement might not be expected, but a slow and steady growth passageway is surely desirable. Inflation Inflation typifys a persistent rise in the price levels of commodities and service, stellar(a) to a fall in the currencys purchasing power.Inflation Rate is the measure of inflation over a period of time. Inflation rate is calculated for any time period weekly, periodical or annua l. The acclivity figures show us an add-on in the rate of goods and services and a fall in the purchasing power of the consumer with the same level of incomes. thitherfore an individual must invest care in mind the future rise in prices. Increasing inflation is really bad for seclusion planning because the target keeps on getting higher and higher to pay for the same quality of life. In other words, your savings provide buy little.As a result, you pull up stakes need to save more to daytime to pay for higher priced goods and services in the future. Since everything you buy today tolls more, so you have less left-over income available to save. Inflation has another effect too, once people start to expect inflation, they will spend now rather than later. Thats because they know things will only cost more lately. This consumer spending heats up the economy even more, leading to further inflation. This situation is known as spiraling inflation because it spirals out of control. I nflation is substantial if you are holding bonds or Treasury notes.These fixed price assets only give a fixed return each year. As inflation spirals faster than the return on these assets, they hold up less valuable. Price Inflation greatly effects time value of money (TVM). It is a major component of interest rates which are at the heart of all TVM calculations. Actual or expect changes in the inflation rate cause corresponding changes in interest rates. Lenders know that inflation will erode the value of their money over the term of the loan so they increase the interest rate to compensate for that loss. Nifty India is a land of many cultures and languages.Its vibrancy and quest for growth throws up as many questions as it throws up untried answers. With globalization people are constantly seeking broader horizon of knowledge and information. How much has the country prospered? How surface(p) is the economy doing? Nifty is the platform on which India finds these answers. The Nifty forefinger is a composite of the top 50 stocks listed on the depicted object Stock Exchange (NSE). It is a simplify tool that helps investors and ordinary people alike, to understand what is happening in the stock market and by extension, the economy.If the Nifty Index performs well, it is a signal that companies in India are performing well and consequently that the country is doing well. An well-being economy is usually reflected in a grueling performance of the Nifty Index. A rising index is also indicative that the investors are positive about the future. The Nifty Index is based upon solid economic research. It is internationally respected and recognized as a pioneering effort in providing transparentr understanding of stock market complexities. Nifty is the flagship index of NSE, the 3rd largest stock exchange in the world in terms of identification number of transactions (Stock forth overtures).Nifty has been used to represent SP CNX Nifty, owned and managed by I ndia Index service and Products Ltd. (IISL), a joint venture amidst NSE and CRISIL. * Nifty index can be used by individuals to track market movements and compare performance of individual companies vis-a-vis market performance. * Shareholders evaluation of management decisions performance of a company vis-a-vis the market generally reflects the perception of the investor. * Assist slynessrs and market intermediaries to evaluate performance and sentiments across the market. Index funds can replicate Nifty indices to earn market returns. * Derivative concern Investors can use Nifty indices for hedging their exposures in the equity markets. Benchmarking NAV performances Nifty is the benchmark for performance of open ended and close ended funds. Given above, are the annual returns of SP CNX Nifty. In the fiscal year 03-04 and 05-06 Nifty has given annual returns of 81. 29% and 67. 13%. In the year 08-09 the time of world(prenominal) Meltdown Nifty showed strength as compared to the global markets(NASDAQ) and showed instant recovery and rose up to 73. 9% in the fiscal year 09-10. The Industries in the Economy IT Industry The Indian information technology (IT) industry has played a major role in placing India on the international map. The industry is mainly governed by IT package program system and facilities for instance System Integration, package experiments, Custom Application Development and Maintenance (CADM), acquitwork services and IT Solutions. According to Nasscoms findings Indian IT-BPO industry expanded by 12% during the Fiscal year 2009 and attained immix returns of US$ 71. 6 jillion. Out of the derived revenue US$ 59. billion was solely earned by the software and services division. Moreover, the industry witnessed an increase of around US$ 7 one thousand one one thousand million million million in FY 2008-09 i. e. US$ 47. 3 billion against US$ 40. 9 billion accrued in FY 2008-09 IT Outsourcing in India As per NASSCOM, IT exporting s in ancestry process outsourcing (BPO) services attained revenues of US$ 48 billion in FY 2008-09 and accounted for more than 77% of the consummate software and services income. Over the years India has been the most favorable outsourcing hub for firm on a piquet to inshore their IT operations.The factors behind India being a preferred destination are its reasonably priced labor, favorable business ambiance and availability of expert workforce. Considering its escalating growth, IBM has plans to increase its business process outsourcing (BPO) functions in India besides employing 5,000 workforces to assist its growth. In the next few years, the industry is all set to witness some multi-million dollar agreements namely * A 5 year agreement between HCL Technologies and News Corp for administering its information centers and IT services in UK.As per the industry analysts, the pact is estimated to be in the range of US$ 200-US$ 250 million * US$ 50 million agreement between HCL Techn ologies and Meggitt, UK-based security apparatus manufacturer, for offering engineering facilities. * Global giant Wal-Mart has short listed there Indian IT dealers namely Cognizant Technology Solutions, UST Global and Infosys Technologies for a contract worth US$ 600 million. Indias domestic IT Market Indias domestic IT Market over the years has work one of the major driving forces of the industry.The domestic IT infrastructure is ontogenesis contexts of technology and intensity of penetration. In the FY 2008-09, the domestic IT sector attained revenues worth US$ 24. 3 billion as compared to US$ 23. 1 billion in FY 2007-08, registering a growth of 5. 4%. Moreover, the increasing demand for IT services and goods by India Inc has strengthened the involution of the domestic market with agreements worth rising up extraordinarily to US$ 100 million. By the FY 2012, the domestic sector is estimated to expand to US$ 1. 7 billion against the existing from US$ 1 billion. Government initia tive in Indias domestic IT Market The Indian establishment has established a National Taskforce on IT with an aim of formatting a durable National IT Policy for India * Endorsement of the IT Act, which offers an authorized structure to assist electronic craftsmanship and electronic operations. Major investments in Indias domestic IT Market * According to Andhra Pradesh Government the deposits SEZs and Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) will witness an investment of US$ 3. 27 billion in the next few years. * VMware Inc, San Francisco-based IT firm is aspect forward to invest US$ 100 million by 2010 in India. EMC Corporations total Indian assets is expected to reach US$ 2 billion by 2014 Future of Indian IT Industry The Indian IT sector persists to be one of the flourishing sectors of Indian financial system indicating a speedy expansion in the coming years. As per NASSCOM, the Indian IT exports are anticipated to attain US$ 175 billion by 2020 out of which the domestic sec tor will account for US$ 50 billion in earnings. In total the export and domestic IT sector are expected to attain profits amounting to US$ 225 billion along with new prospects from BRIC nations and Japan for its outsourcing operations.Software Industry Its the technological transmutation that at times brings surprising opportunities for some nations. India, though not among the front runners in terms of economic growth, has successfully utilized such opportunities in the revolution to ferment an IT hotspot. For the past several(prenominal) years, India has been an increasingly favored destination for customized software development. As a result, a number of software companies in India have come up. non only the number of players has increased in the Indian IT market, but at the same time, Indian software companies have done considerably well in the global market.Such huge success of software companies in India has given birth to a new speculation whether other developing countr ies should imitate Indian example and whether the success of India would constitute a competitive challenge to the software industry of the developed world or not. The Software Industry in India With the huge success of the software companies in India, the Indian software industry in turn has become successful in making a mark in the global arena. This industry has been instrumental in driving the economy of the nation on to a rapid growth curve.As per the study of NASSCOM-Deloitte, the plow parting of IT/ITES industry to the GDP of the country has soared up to a divide of 5% in 2007 from a genuine 1. 2% in 1998. Besides, this industry has also recorded revenue of US$ 64 billion with a growth rate of 33% in the fiscal year ended in 2008. The export of software has also grown up, which has been instrumental in the huge success of the Indian software companies as well as the industry. In fact, software export from India accounts for more than 65% of the total software revenue.The domestic software market largely depends upon sale of software packages and products, which constitute major part of revenues. Products account for almost 40% of the domestic market. On the other fall, more than 80% of revenue from software exports comes from software services like custom software development and consultancy services etc. Reasons behind Success of Indian software companies there are a number of reasons why the software companies in India have been so successful. Besides the Indian software companies, a number of multinational giants have also plunged into the India IT market.India is the hub of cheap and skilled software professionals, which are available in abundance. It helps the software companies to develop cost-effective business solutions for their clients. As a result, Indian software companies can place their products and services in the global market in the most competitive rate. This is the reason why India has been a favorite destination for outsourcing as well. Many multinational IT giants also have their offshore development centers in India. IT Business Sectors Most of the software companies in India are into varied types of business.There can be several types of business in the IT sectors * Infrastructure Software These include OS, middleware and databases. * Enterprise Software These alter business process in diverse verticals like finance, sales and marketing, takings and logistics. * Security Software * Industry-specific Software * Contract Programming Top Companies in India There are plenty of software companies in India which have been doing well. However, some of the top Indian software companies can be listed as * Tata Consultancy Services * Wipro Limited * Infosys * HCL Technologies Tech Mahindra * Patni Computer Systems * i-flex Solutions * MphasiS * LT Infotech * IBM India Banking Industry The growth in the Indian Banking Industry has been more qualitative than quantitative and it is expected to remain the same in the coming years, based on the projections made in the India Vision 2020 prepared by the Planning Commission and the Draft 10th Plan, the report forecasts that the pace of expansion in the balance-sheets of banks is likely to decelerate. The total assets of all scheduled commercial banks by end-March 2010 are estimated at Rs 40, 90,000 crores.That will comprise about 65 per cent of GDP at current market prices as compared to 67 per cent in 2002-03. Bank assets are expected to grow at an annual composite rate of 13. 4 per cent during the rest of the decade as against the growth rate of 16. 7 per cent that existed between 1994-95 and 2002-03. It is expected that there will be large additions to the capital base and reserves on the indebtedness side. The Indian Banking Industry can be categorized into non-scheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks constitute of commercial banks and co-operative banks.There are about 67,000 branches of Scheduled banks spread across India. As f ar as the present scenario is touch on the Banking Industry in India is going through a transitional phase. The Public Sector Banks (PSBs), which are the base of the Banking sector in India account for more than 78 per cent of the total banking industry assets. Unfortunately they are burdened with excessive Non Performing assets (NPAs), massive manpower and lack of modern technology. On the other hand the Private Sector Banks are making tremendous progress. They are leaders in Internet banking, fluid banking, prognosticate banking, ATMs.As far as foreign banks are concerned they are likely to comply in the Indian Banking Industry. In the Indian Banking Industry some of the Private Sector Banks operating are IDBI Bank, ING Vyasa Bank, SBI Commercial and International Bank Ltd, Bank of Rajasthan Ltd. and banks from the Public Sector include Punjab National bank, Vijaya Bank, UCO Bank, Oriental Bank, Allahabad Bank among others. ANZ Grind lays Bank, ABN-AMRO Bank, American Express Bank Ltd, Citibank are some of the foreign banks operating in the Indian Banking Industry.cementum Industry The history of the cement industry in India dates back to the 1889 when a Kolkata-based company started manufacturing cement from Argillaceous. But the industry started getting the organized shape in the early 1900s. In 1914, India Cement Company Ltd was established in Porbandar with a dexterity of 10,000 net tons and production of 1000 installed. The World War I gave the first initial thrust to the cement industry in India and the industry started growth at a fast rate in terms of production, manufacturing units, and installed capacity. This stage was referred to as the Nascent Stage of Indian Cement Industry.In 1927, Concrete Association of India was set up to create public certainness on the profit of cement as well as to propagate cement consumption. The cement industry in India cut the price and distribution control system in the year 1956, established to ensure fai r price model for consumers as well as manufacturers. Later in 1977, political relation authorized new manufacturing units (as well as existing units going for capacity enhancement) to put a higher price tag for their products. A couple of years later government introduced a three-tier price system with different pricing on cement produced in high, medium and low cost bes.Cement industry, in any country, plays a major role in the growth of the nation. Cement industry in India was under full control and supervision of the government. However, it got relief at a large extent after the economic reform. But government interference, especially in the pricing, is still evident in India. In spite of being the molybdenum largest cement producer in the world, India falls in the list of lowest per capita consumption of cement with 125 kg. The reason behind this is the poor rural people who mostly live in mud huts and cannot afford to have the commodity.Despite the fact, the demand and sup ply of cement in India has grown up. In a fast developing economy like India, there is ceaselessly large possibility of expansion of cement industry. Cement labor and Growth Domestic demand plays a major role in the fast growth of cement industry in India. In fact the domestic demand of cement has surpassed the economic growth rate of India. The cement consumption is expected to rise more than 22% by 2009-10 from 2007-08. In cement consumption, the state of Maharashtra leads the table with 12. 18% consumption, followed by Uttar Pradesh.In terms of cement production, Andhra Pradesh leads the list with 14. 72% of production, while Rajasthan body at second position. The production of cement in India grew at a rate of 9. 1% during 2006-07 against the total production of 147. 8 MT in the previous fiscal year. During April to October 2008-09, the production of cement in India was 101. 04 MT comparing to 95. 05 MT during the same period in the previous year. During October 2009, the tot al cement production in India was 12. 37 MT compared to a production of 11. 61 MT in the same month in the previous year.The cement companies are also increasing their productions due to the high market demand. The cement companies have seen a net profit growth rate of 85%. With this huge success, the cement industry in India has contributed almost 8% to Indias economic development. Technology Up-gradation Cement industry in India is before long going through a technological change as a lot of up-gradation and assimilation is taking place. Currently, almost 93% of the total capacity is based entirely on the modern dry process, which is considered as more environment-friendly. scarce the rest 7% uses old wet and semi-dry process technology. There is also a huge mountain range of waste heat recovery in the cement plants, which lead to reduction in the emission level and hence improves the environment. Recent Investments in the Indian Cement Industry * In a recent announcement, the s econd largest cement company in South India, Dalmia Cement declared that its going to invest more than US$ 652. 6 million in the next 2-3 years to add 10 MT capacities. * Anil Ambani-led credit Infrastructure is going to build up cement plants with a total capacity of yearly 20 MT in the next 5 years.For this, the company will invest US$ 2. 1 billion. * India Cements is going to set up 2 thermal power plants in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu at a cost of US$ 104 billion. * Anil Ambani-led Reliance Cementation is also going to set up a 5 MT integrated cement plant in Maharashtra. It will invest US$ 463. 2 million for that. * Jaiprakash Associates Ltd has sign a MoU with Assam Mineral Development Corporation Limited to set up a 2 MT cement plant. The estimated project cost is US$ 221. 36 million. * Rungta Mines (RML) is also planning to invest US$ 123 million for setting up a 1 MT cement plant in Orissa.Automobile Industry Driving the most luxurious car has been made possible by the stiff competition in the political machine industry in India, with overseas players gathering the same momentum as the domestic participants. any other day, we have been hearing about some new launches, some low cost cars all customized in a manner such that the greens man is not left behind. In 2009, the automobilemobile industry is expected to see a growth rate of around 9%, with the disclaimer that the auto industry in India has been hit badly by the ongoing global financial crisis. The automobile industry in India happens to be the ninth largest in the world.Following Japan, South Korea and Thailand, in 2009, India emerged as the fourth largest exporter of automobiles. some(prenominal) Indian automobile manufacturers have spread their operations globally as well, asking for more investments in the Indian automobile sector by the MNCs. The figures show that the automobile sector in India has been growing robustly. The market shares of the different types of vehicles will cl early depict the demand pattern in this sector. aluminium Industry atomic number 13 Industry in India is a highly concentrated industry with the top 5 companies constituting the bulk of the countrys production.With the growing demand of atomic number 13 in India, the Indian aluminium industry is also growing at an desirable pace. In fact, the production of aluminum in India is currently outpacing the demand. Though Indias per capita consumption of aluminum stands too low (under 1 kg) comparing to the per capita consumptions of other countries like US Europe (range from 25 to 30 kgs), Japan (15 kgs), mainland China (10 kgs) and China (3 kgs), the demand is growing gradually. In India, the industries that require aluminum most include power (44%), consumer durables, superman (10-12%), construction (17%) and packaging etc.The Background Though the existence of Aluminum was first established in the year 1808, it took almost 46 years to make its production commercially viable. The research work of several years resulted in extracting the aluminum from the ore. Aluminum is third most available element in the country constituting almost 7. 3% by mass. Currently it is also the second most used metal in the world after steel. Due to the consistent growth of Indian economy at a rate of 8%, the demand for metals, used for various sectors, is also on the higher side. As a result, the Indian aluminum industry is also growing consistently.In FY09, the aluminum industry in India saw a growth of about 9%. The production of aluminum started in India in 1938 when the Aluminum Corporation of Indias plant was commission. The plant which was set up with a financial and technical collaboration with Alcan, Canada had a capacity of producing 2,500 ton per annum. Hindustan Aluminum Corporation (Hindalco) was set up in UP in the year 1959 it had a capacity of producing 20,000 ton per annum. In 1965, a public sector enterprise Malco which had a capacity of 10,000 ton per annum was commissioned by 1987, National Aluminum Company (NALCO) was commissioned to produce aluminum.It had a capacity of producing 0. 218 million ton. During the 1970s, the government started regulating and controlling the Indian aluminum industry. Restrictions in entry and price distribution controls were quite common in the Indian aluminum sector. Aluminum Control Order was implemented where the aluminum producers had to sell 50% of their products for electrical usages. However, in 1989, the order was removed as the government decontrolling was revoked. With de-licensing of industry in 1991, the liberal import of technologies and capital goods was started.The liberalization resulted in a growth rate of 12% of the industry, comparing to the growth rate of 6% during the 1980. Aluminum Production in India India is worlds fifth largest aluminum producer with an aluminum production competence of around 2. 7 million tones, accounting almost 5% of the total aluminum production in the world . India is also a huge reservoir of Bauxite with a Bauxite reserve of 3 billion tones. The Production India lies at the eighth position in the list of leading special aluminum producers in the world. India saw a significant growth in aluminum production in the past five years.In 2006-07, the production target of aluminum in India laid by the Ministry of Mines, Government of India was 1,153 KT, which was augmented to 1,237 KT in the next year (2007-08). Due to the growing demand from the construction, electrical, automobiles and packaging industry, the production of aluminum also hiked up. In FY 09, the total aluminum production in India was around 1. 35 tones. The Consumption After a stagnant consumption of primary aluminum in India from the end of 1990s to 2002 (when the consumptions were between 500 600 KT), it started rising sharply since 2002.The consumption reached at 1,080 KT in 2006. The consumption of aluminum in India is dominated by the industries like power, infrastruct ure, and transportation etc. The Major Players The Indian aluminum industry is dominated by four or five companies that constitute the majority of Indias aluminum production. Following are the major players in the Indian aluminum industry * Hindustan Aluminum Company (HINDALCO) Hindalco is the biggest player in the aluminum industry in India with around 39% of market share. An Aditya Birla Group flagship company, Hindalco has its aluminum plant at Renukoot in Uttar Pradesh.It has various aluminum products with a market share of 42% in primary aluminum, 20% in extrusions 63% in rolled products, 31% in wheels and 44% in foils. * Sterlite Industries The aluminum business of Sterlite Industries Limited comprises of two Indian aluminum giants BALCO and MALCO. While BALCO is a partially integrated, MALCO is a fully integrated producer of aluminum. Sterlite has got a market share of around 32%. * National Aluminum Company (NALCO) It is also one of the leading aluminum producers in India. Government of India has a stake of 87. 15% in this company. Its aluminum refinery is located at Damanjodi.It also has a smelter located at Angul, Orissa. Currently, NALCO is concentrating on a capex programme to increase its production from 345,000 tones to 460,000 tones. * Bharat Aluminum Company (BALCO) * MALCO * JINDAL Telecommunications Industry The Communication Industry in India is one of the rapidly emerging sectors in India and is estimated to surface as the second biggest international telecom market. As per the report carried out by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), Indian communication industry has registered a 3. 5% increase in its total telecom subscribers in December 2009. The sector touched 562. 1 million in its total number of subscribers within a month, against 543. 20 million in November 2009. The growth in communication industry was triggered by an increase in the revenues generated from both landline and mobile facilities. On December 31, 2009 the se ctor earned the revenue of USD 8. 56 billion. As per the Business Monitor International report, the nation is all set to include 8 to 10 million cellular phone subscribers on monthly bum. At this pace the communication industry is expected to encompass more than half of Indias population i. e. 612 million cellular phone subscribers by mid 2012.In addition, as per a research carried out by Nokia, the Telecommunications sector is estimated to surface as the biggest driving component in Indias GDP with a contribution of about 15. 4% by the FY2014. India as an emerging Value-Added Services Market As per a research conducted by Stanford University, Indian mobile value-added services (MVAS) are expected to reach USD 2. 74 bn by the FY2010. To benefit from the emerging MVAS market in India, Reliance Telecommunications and Bharti Airtel Limited are all set to introduce online cellular phone applications in Indian retail stores.While Bharti Airtel will offer around 1,250 applications, Relia nce Telecommunications applications will concisely be accessible to its GSM customers by Feb 2010. India as an emerging telecom equipment manufacturing Market The manufacturing of Cellular phone in India is predicted to expand at an annual rate of 28. 3% till the FY 2011 which can be translated as a production of 107 million mobile handsets by 2010. The production would automatically generate profits and is predicted to increase at an annual rate of 26. 6% till 2011, reaching the target of USD13. billion. Chief Investments in the Communication Industry in India Over the past one decade, the flourishing Indian Communication industry has been successful in drawing the attention of conglomerates that have invested and are willing to invest more in the sector. With the influx of new telecom giants in Indian market, the investments are likely to gain immense momentum * Investment of USD 6 bn by Vodafone Essar for the next 3 fiscal years in order to expand its list of cellular phone subs cribers to 100 million against the existing 40 million. By 2010, Reliance Communications (RCom) is expecting to increase the total number of telecom towers by constructing 56,596 telecom towers and attaining the preset target of 100,000. * Telenor, Norway based telecom giant has purchased 7% of shares in Unitech Wireless and now possesses 67. 25% by bringing in an investment of USD 431. 70 million * Indian government owned telecom player, BSNL will invest USD1. 17 billion in its WiMax connive * A proposal of foreign direct investment worth USD 660. million by Federal result for State Property Management of the Russian Federation has been recently approved by the Indian government. The action would be acquiring 20% stake in Sistema-Shyam after bringing in the investment. * A USD 1 billion investment will be brought in by Tata Teleservices in its newly introduced GSM facility Tata DoCoMo. Future of Communication Industry in India Indian Communication Industry has a flourishing futu re in its value-added services market. The pre-set target of the 11th plan from FY 2007 12 is to provide 600 million cellular phone connectivity support by an investment of USD 74 billion.Moreover, it is estimated that by the FY 2012 the profits generated by Indian Communication Industry will touch USD 55 billion against the current USD 31 billion. Pharma Industry The pharmaceutic companyceutical industry in India is among the most highly organized sectors. This industry plays an meaning(a) role in promoting and sustaining development in the field of global medicine. Due to the presence of low cost manufacturing facilities, educated and skilled manpower and cheap labor force among others, the industry is set to casing new heights in the fields of production, development, manufacturing and research.In 2008, the domestic pharma market in India was expected to be US$ 10. 76 billion and this is likely to increase at a compound annual growth rate of 9. 9 per cent until 2010 and subs equently at 9. 5 per cent till the year 2015. Industry Trends * The pharma industry generally grows at about 1. 5-1. 6 times the Gross Domestic Product growth * Globally, India ranks third in terms of manufacturing pharma products by vividness * The Indian pharmaceutical industry is expected to grow at a rate of 9. 9 % till 2010 and after that 9. 5 % till 2015 * In 2007-08, India exported medicines worth US$7. billion in to the US and Europe followed by Central and Eastern Europe, Africa and Latin America * The Indian vaccine market which was worth US$665 million in 2007-08 is growing at a rate of more than 20% * The retail pharmaceutical market in India is expected to cross US$ 12-13 billion by 2012 * The Indian drug and pharmaceuticals segment received foreign direct investment to the tune of US$ 1. 43 billion from April 2000 to December 2008 Challenges Every industry has its own sets of advantages and disadvantages under which they have to work the pharmaceutical industry is n o exception to this.Some of the challenges the industry faces are * Regulatory obstacles * Lack of proper infrastructure. * Lack of qualified professionals * valuable research equipments * Lack of academic collaboration * Underdeveloped molecular discovery program * Divide between the industry and study curriculum Government Initiatives The government of India has undertaken several including policy initiatives and tax breaks for the growth of the pharmaceutical business in India. Some of the measures adopted are * Pharmaceutical units are eligible for weighted tax reduction at 150% for the research and development expenditure obtained. Two new schemes namely, New millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative and the Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Research Program have been launched by the Government. * The Government is contemplating the knowledgeableness of SRV or special purpose vehicles with an insurance cover to be used for funding new drug research * The Department of Pharm aceuticals is mulling the creation of drug research facilities which can be used by private companies for research work on rent Pharma export In the recent years, despite the lag witnessed in the global economy, exports from the pharmaceutical industry in India have shown ood buoyancy in growth. Export has become an consequential driving force for growth in this industry with more than 50 % revenue coming from the overseas markets. For the financial year 2008-09 the export of drugs is estimated to be $8. 25 billion as per the Pharmaceutical Export Council of India, which is an organization, set up by the Government of India. A survey undertaken by FICCI, the oldest industry chamber in India has predicted 16% growth in the export of Indias pharmaceutical growth during 2009-2010. Key Players in the Industry There are several national and international pharmaceutical companies that operate in India.Most of the countrys requirements for pharmaceutical products are met by these compan ies. Some of them are briefly described below * Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited is the biggest pharmaceutical manufacturing company in India. The company is ranked at the 8th position among the global generic pharmaceutical companies and has presence in 48 countries including world class manufacturing facilities in 10 countries and serves to customers from over 125 countries. Ranbaxy Laboratories 2009-2010 Q3 Net Profit Results showed a profit of Rs 116. 6 crores as compared to Rs 394. crores deficit, recorded during the corresponding period last fiscal. * Dr. Reddys Laboratories manufactures and markets a wide range of pharmaceuticals both in India and abroad. The company has 60 active pharmaceutical ingredients to manufacture drugs, critical care products, diagnostic kits and biotechnology products. The company has 6 FDA plants that produce active pharma ingredients and 7 FDA inspected and ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified plants. Dr. Reddys Q1 FY10 result shows the revenues of the c ompany at Rs. 18,189 million which is up by 21%.During this quarter the company introduced 24 new generic products, applied for 22 new generic product registrations and filed 4 DMFs. * Cipla is an Indian pharmaceutical company famed for the manufacture of low cost anti AIDS drugs. The companys product range comprises of anthelmintics, oncology, anti-bacterial, cardiovascular drugs, antibiotics, nutritional supplements, anti-ulcerants, anti-asthmatics and corticosteroids. Cipla also offers other services like quality control, engineering, project appraisal, plant supply, consulting, commissioning and know-how transfer, support.For the financial year 2008-09 the company registered an increase of 22% in sales and other income over the previous year. * Nicholas Piramal is the second largest pharmaceutical healthcare company in India. The brands fabricate by the company include Gardenal, Ismo, Stemetil, Rejoint, Supradyn, Phensedyl and Haemaccel. Nicholas Piramal has entered into join ventures and alliances with several international corporations like Cheissi, Italy IVAX Corp UK, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Allergan Inc. , USA etc. Glaxo Smithkline (GSK) is a United Kingdom based pharma company it is the worlds second largest pharmaceutical company. The companys portfolio of pharma products consist of central nervous system, respiratory, oncology, vaccines, anti-infectives and gastro-intestinal/metabolic products among others. On November 2009, the FDA had announced that the H1N1 vaccine manufactured by GSK would join the list of the four vaccines approved. * Zydus Cadila also known as Cadila Healthcare is an Indian pharmaceutical company located in Gujarat. The companys 1QFY2010 results show the net sales at Rs880. cr which is higher than the estimated Rs773cr. The net profit was Rs124. 8cr which was increase of 39% the increase was on account of higher sales and improvement in the OPM. Financial Ratios Earnings per Share( EPS) The portion of a companys profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. Earnings per share serves as an indicator ofa companys profitability. Calculated as When calculating, it is more accurate to use aweighted average number of shares outstanding over the reporting term, because thenumber of shares outstanding can change over time.An important aspect of EPS thats often ignored is the capital that is required to generate the earnings (net income) in the calculation. Two companies could generate the same EPS number, but one could do sowithless equity (investment) that company would be more efficient at using itscapital to generate income and, all other things being equal, would be a better company. Investors also need to be aware of earnings manipulation that will affect the quality of the earnings number. It is important not to rely on any one financial measure, but to use it in conjunction with statement analysis and other measures.Price to Book Value (P/B) A ratio used to compare a stocks market v alue to its book value. It is calculated by dividing the current closing price of the stock by the latest quarters book value per share. Also known as the price-equity ratio. Calculated as A lowerP/B ratio could mean that the stock is undervalued. However, it could also mean that something is perfectly wrong with the company. As with most ratios, be aware thatthis varies by industry. This ratio also gives some idea of whether youre nonrecreational too much for what would be left if the company went bankrupt immediately.Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E) A valuation ratio of a companys current share price compared to its per-share earnings. Calculated as For example, if a company is currently trading at Rs. 43. 00 a share and earnings over the last 12 months were Rs 1. 95 per share, the P/E ratio for the stock would be 22. 05 (Rs43/Rs1. 95). In general, a high P/Esuggests that investors are expectinghigher earningsgrowthin the future compared to companies with alower P/E. However, the P /E ratio doesnt tell us the whole story by itself.Its usuallymore useful to compare the P/E ratios of onecompany to other companies in the same industry, to the market in general or against the companys own historical P/E. It would not be useful for investorsusing the P/E ratio as a basis for their investment to compare the P/E of a technology company (high P/E) to a good company (low P/E) as each industry has much different growth prospects. The P/E is sometimesreferred to as the multiple, because it shows how much investors are willing to pay per Re. of earnings.If a company were currently trading at a multiple(P/E) of 20, the interpretation is that an investor iswilling to pay Rs. 20 for Re. 1 of current earnings. It is important that investors notean importantproblem that arises with the P/E measure, and to avoid basing a decision on this measure alone. The denominator (earnings) is based on an accounting measure of earningsthatis susceptible to forms of manipulation, making t hequality of the P/Eonly as good as the quality of the underlying earnings number. Dividend Yeild (D. Y) A financial ratio thatshows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price.In the absence of any capital gains, the dividend pass on is the return on investment for astock. Dividend yield is calculated as follows Dividend yield isa way to measure how much cash flow you are getting for each dollar invested in an equity position. Investors who require a minimum stream of cash flow from their investment portfolio can secure this cash flow by investing in stocks paying relatively high, stable dividend yields. What Is Technical Analysis? Technical analysis is a method of evaluating securities by analyzing the statistics generated by market activity, such as past prices and script.Technical analysts do not attempt to measure a securitys intrinsic value, but instead use charts and other tools to identifypatterns that can suggest future activity. and as there are many investment styles on the fundamental side, there are also many different types of technical traders. Some rely on chart patterns others use technical indicators and oscillators, and most use some combination of the two. In any case, technical analysts exclusive use of historical price and volume data is what separates them from their fundamental counterparts.Unlike fundamental analysts, technical analysts dont care whether a stock is undervalued the only thing that matters is a securitys past trading data and what information this data can provide about where the security might move in the future. The field of technical analysis is based on three assumptions * The market discounts everything. * Price moves in arcs. * History tends to repeat itself. The Market Discounts Everything A major criticism of technical analysis is that it only considers price movement, ignoring the fundamental factors of the company.However, technical analysis assumes that, at any given tim e, a stocks price reflects everything that has or could affect the company including fundamental factors. Technical analysts believe that the companys fundamentals, along with broader economic factors and market psychology, are all priced into the stock, removing the need to actually consider these factors separately. This only leaves the analysis of price movement, which technical speculation views as a product of the supply and demand for a particular stock in the market. Price Moves in Trends In technical nalysis, price movements are believed to follow tendencys. This means that after a wind has been established, the future price movement is more likely to be in the same care as the trend than to be against it. Most technical trading strategies are based on this assumption. History Tends To restate Itself Another important idea in technical analysis is that history tends to repeat itself, mainly in terms of price movement. The repetitive nature of price movements is attribu ted to market psychology in other words, market participants tend to provide a consistent reaction to similar market stimuli over time.Technical analysis uses chartpatterns to analyze market movements and understand trends. Although many of these charts have been used for more than 100 years, they are still believed to be relevant because they illustrate patterns in price movements that often repeat themselves. Although technical analysis and fundamental analysis are seen by many as polar opposites the oil and water of investing many market participants have experienced great success by combining the two. For example, some fundamental analysts use technical analysis techniques to figure out the best time to enter into an undervalued security.Oftentimes, this situation occurs when the security is severely oversold. By timing entry into a security, the gains on the investment can be greatly improved. Alternatively, some technical traders might look at fundamentals to add strength to a technical signal. For example, if a sell signal is given through technical patterns and indicators, a technical trader might look to reaffirm his or her decision by looking at some key fundamental data. Oftentimes, having both the fundamentals and technicals on your side can provide the best-case scenario for a trade.Not Just for Stocks Technical analysis can be used on any security with historical trading data. This includes stocks, futures and commodities, fixed-income securities, forex, etc. In this tutorial, well usually analyze stocks in our examples, but keep in mind that these concepts can be applied to any type of security. In fact, technical analysis is more much associated with commodities and forex, where the participants are predominantly traders. forthwith that the philosophy behind technical analysis is understood, with the help of certain examples lets see how it really works.Trend One of the most important concepts in technical analysis is that of trend. The mea ning in finance isnt all that differentfrom the general definition of the term a trend is really nothing more than the general direction in which a security or market is headed. There are three types of trend * Uptrends Higher Highs and Higher Lows * Downtrends Lower Highs and Lower Lows * Sideways/horizontal Trends Little movement up or down in the peaks and troughs Along with these three trend directions, there are three trend classifications.A trend of any direction can be categorise as a long-term trend, intermediate trend or a short-term trend. In terms of the stock market, a major trend is generally categorized as one lasting continuing than a year. An intermediate trend is considered to last between one and three months and a near-term trend is anything less than a month. A long-term trend is composed of several intermediate trends, which often move against the direction of the major trend. If the major trend is upward and there is a downward correction in price movement f ollowed by a continuation of the uptrend, the correction is considered to be an intermediate trend.The short-term trends are components of both major and intermediate trends. It is important to be able to understand and identify trends so that you can trade with the trend rather than against them. Two important sayings in technical analysis are the trend is your friend and dont buck the trend. Trendline is the tool used to draw trends and even identify the support and bulwark. Support and subway Support The price level through which a stock or market seldom falls. resistivity The price level that a stock or market seldom surpasses. Once a resistance or support level is broken, its role is reversed.If the price falls below a support level, that level will become resistance. If the price rises above a resistance level, it will often become support. As the price moves past a level of support or resistance, it is thought that supply and demand has shifted, do the breached level tore verse its role. For a true reversal to occur, however, it is important that the price make a strong move through either the support or resistance. Support and resistance analysis is an important part of trends because it can be used to make trading decisions and identify when a trend is reversing. For example, if a rader identifies an important level of resistance that has been tested several times but never broken, he or she whitethorn decide to take profits as the security moves toward this point because it is unlikely that it willmove past this level. Support and resistance levels both test and confirm trends and need to be monitored by anyone who uses technical analysis. As long as the price of the share remains between these levels of support and resistance, the trend is likely to continue. It is important to note, however, that a break beyond a level of support or resistance does not always have to be a reversal.For example, if a price moved above the resistance levels of an u pward trending channel, the trend has accelerated, not reversed. This means that the price appreciation is expected to be faster than it was in the channel. Being aware of these important support and resistance points should affect the way that you trade a stock. Traders should avoid placing orders at these major points, as the area around them is usually marked by a lot of volatility. If you feel surefooted about making a trade near a support or resistance level, it is important that you follow this simple rule do not place orders directly at the support or resistance level.This is because in many cases, the price never actually reaches the whole number, but flirts with it instead. So if youre optimistic on a stock that is moving toward an important support level, do not place the trade at the support level. Instead, place it above the support level, but within a few points. On the other hand, if you are placingstops or short selling, set up your trade price at or below the level of support. Volumes Volume is simply the number of shares or contracts that trade over a given period of time, usually a day.The higher the volume, the more active the security. To determine the movement of the volume (up or down), chartists look at the volume bars that can usually be found at the bottom of any chart. Volume bars illustrate how many shares have traded per period and show trends in the same way that prices do. Volume is an important aspect of technical analysis because it is used to confirm trends and chart patterns. Any price movement up or down with relatively high volume is seen as a stronger, more relevant move thana similar move with weak volume.Therefore, if you are looking at a large price movement, you should also examine the volume to see whether it tells the same story. The other use of volume is to confirm chart patterns. Patterns such as head and shoulders, triangles, flags and other price patterns can be confirmed with volume. In most chart patterns, th ere are several pivotal points that are vital to what the chart is able to convey. Basically, if the volume is not there to confirm the pivotal moments of a chart pattern, the quality of the signal formed by the pattern is weakened.Another important idea in technical analysis is that price is preceded by volume. Volume is closely monitored to form ideas on upcoming trend reversals. If volume is starting to decrease in an uptrend, it is usually a sign that the upward run is about to end. Now that some of the important factors of technical analysis are understood, we can move on to charts, which help to identify trading opportunities in prices movements. Charts In technical analysis, charts are similar to the charts that you see in any business setting. A chart is simply a graphical representation of a series of prices over a set time frame.For example, a chart may show a stocks price movement over a one-year period, where each point on the graph represents the closing price for each day the stock is traded There are several things that you should be aware of when looking at a chart, as these factors can affect the information that is provided. They include the time scale, the price scale and the price point properties used. The term Scale The time scale refers to the range of dates at the bottom of the chart, which can vary from decades to seconds. The most a great deal used time scales are intraday, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and annually.The shorter the time frame, the more detailed the chart. Each data point can represent the closing price of the period or show the open, the high, the low and the close depending on the chart used. The Price Scale and Price Point Properties The price scale is on the right-hand side of the chart. It shows a stocks current price and compares it to past data points. This may seem like a simple concept in that the price scale goes from lower prices to higher prices as you move along the scale from the bottom to the top. The problem, however, is in the structure of the scale itself.Ascale caneither be constructed in a linear (arithmetic) or logarithmic way, and both of these options areavailable on most charting services. Charts There are four main types of charts that are used by investors and traders depending on the information that they are seeking and their individual skill levels. The chart types are the line chart, the bar chart, the candlestick chart and the point and figure chart. Line Chart The most basic of the four charts is theline chart because it represents only the closing prices over a set period of time.The line is formed by connecting the clo